ETTAHYRY HAZMA ENGLISH HEIGTH SCHOOL PRORAMM DOWLOND.

Verb Classification

تصنيف الفعل

قسمWe divide verbs intoفي two واسعbroad classifications:

1.الفعل المساعد Helping Verbs

Imagine that a stranger يمشيwalks into your room and يقولsays:

• I can.
• Les gens People must.
• The Earth will.

Do you understand anything? Has this person communicated anything to you? Probably not! That's because these verbs are helping verbs and have no meaning on their own. They are necessary for the grammatical structure of the sentence, but they do not tell us very much alone. We usually use helping verbs with main verbs. They "help" the main verb. (The sentences in the above examples are therefore incomplete. They need at least a main verb to complete them.) There are only about 15 helping verbs.

2. Main Verbs

Now imagine that the same stranger walks into your room and says:

• I teach.
• People eat.
• The Earth rotates.

Do you understand something? Has this person communicated something to you? Probably yes! Not a lot, but something. That's because these verbs are main verbs and have meaning on their own. They tell us something. Of course, there are thousands of main verbs.

In the following table we see example sentences with helping verbs and main verbs. Notice that all of these sentences have a main verb. Only some of them have a helping verb.

	helping verb		main verb
John			likes	coffee.
You			lied	to me.
They			are	happy.
The children	are		playing.
We	must		go	now.
I	do	not	want	any.

Helping verbs and main verbs can be further sub-divided, as we shall see on the following pages.

Helping Verbs >>

Helping Verbs Helping verbs are also called "auxiliary verbs". Helping verbs have no meaning on their own. They are necessary for the grammatical structure of a sentence, but they do not tell us very much alone. We usually use helping verbs with main verbs. They "help" the main verb (which has the real meaning). There are only about 15 helping verbs in English, and we divide them into two basic groups: Primary helping verbs (3 verbs) These are the verbs be, do, and have. Note that we can use these three verbs as helping verbs or as main verbs. On this page we talk about them as helping verbs. We use them in the following cases: be to make continuous tenses (He is watching TV.) to make the passive (Small fish are eaten by big fish.) have to make perfect tenses (I have finished my homework.) do to make negatives (I do not like you.) to ask questions (Do you want some coffee?) to show emphasis (I do want you to pass your exam.) to stand for a main verb in some constructions (He speaks faster than she does.)

Modal helping verbs (10 verbs) We use modal helping verbs to "modify" the meaning of the main verb in some way. A modal helping verb expresses necessity or possibility, and changes the main verb in that sense. These are the modal verbs: can, could may, might will, would, shall, should must ought to Here are examples using modal verbs: I can't speak Chinese. John may arrive late. Would you like a cup of coffee? You should see a doctor. I really must go now. Main Verbs >> Semi-modal verbs (3 verbs) The following verbs are often called "semi-modals" because they they are partly like modal helping verbs and partly like main verbs: need dare used to

Main Verbs Main verbs are also called "lexical verbs". Main verbs have meaning on their own (unlike helping verbs). There are thousands of main verbs, and we can classify them in several ways: Transitive and intransitive verbs A transitive verb takes a direct object: Somebody killed the President. An intransitive verb does not have a direct object: He died. Many verbs, like speak, can be transitive or intransitive. Look at these examples: transitive: I saw an elephant. We are watching TV. He speaks English. intransitive: He has arrived. John goes to school. She speaks fast. Linking verbs A linking verb does not have much meaning in itself. It "links" the subject to what is said about the subject. Usually, a linking verb shows equality (=) or a change to a different state or place (>). Linking verbs are always intransitive (but not all intransitive verbs are linking verbs). Mary is a teacher. (mary = teacher) Tara is beautiful. (tara = beautiful) That sounds interesting. (that = interesting) The sky became dark. (the sky > dark) The bread has gone bad. (bread > bad) Dynamic and stative verbs Some verbs describe action. They are called "dynamic", and can be used with continuous tenses. Other verbs describe state (non-action, a situation). They are called "stative", and cannot normally be used with continuous tenses (though some of them can be used with continuous tenses with a change in meaning). dynamic verbs (examples): hit, explode, fight, run, go stative verbs (examples): be like, love, prefer, wish impress, please, surprise hear, see, sound belong to, consist of, contain, include, need appear, resemble, seem

Regular and irregular verbs This is more a question of vocabulary than of grammar. The only real difference between regular and irregular verbs is that they have different endings for their past tense and past participle forms. For regular verbs, the past tense ending and past participle ending is always the same: -ed. For irregular verbs, the past tense ending and the past participle ending is variable, so it is necessary to learn them by heart. regular verbs: base, past tense, past participle look, looked, looked work, worked, worked irregular verbs: base, past tense, past participle buy, bought, bought cut, cut, cut do, did, done Here are lists of regular verbs and irregular verbs. One way to think of regular and irregular verbs is like this: all verbs are irregular and the so-called regular verbs are simply one very large group of irregular verbs. Often the above divisions can be mixed. For example, one verb could be irregular, transitive and dynamic; another verb could be regular, transitive and stative. Now check your understanding >>

Haut du formulaire

Verb Classification Quiz

1	The grocery clerk will helping main carry your bags out for you.	Click for answer helping
2	The mail arrived transitive intransitive after I left.	Click for answer intransitive
3	I have already done regular irregular my homework.	Click for answer irregular
4	That book you recommended sounds linking transitive interesting.	Click for answer linking
5	I prefer dynamic stative cream rather than milk.	Click for answer stative
6	Jerry studies helping main for three hours every day.	Click for answer main
7	We looked regular irregular at all of the art in the museum.	Click for answer regular
8	Would you take transitive intransitive a picture for us?	Click for answer transitive
9	I don't want to fight dynamic stative about who gets the car.	Click for answer dynamic
10	She seemed active stative like an interesting person.	Click for answer stative

Forms of Main Verbs

Main verbs are also called "lexical verbs".

Main verbs—except the verb "be"—have only 4, 5 or 6 forms. "Be" has 9 forms.

		V1	V2	V3
	infinitive	base	past simple	past participle	present participle	present simple, 3rd person singular
regular	(to) work	work	worked	worked	working	works
irregular	(to) sing (to) make (to) cut	sing make cut	sang made cut	sung made cut	singing making cutting	sings makes cuts
	(to) do* (to) have*	do have	did had	done had	doing having	does has
	infinitive	base	past simple	past participle	present participle	present simple
	(to) be*	be	was, were	been	being	am, are, is

In the above examples:

• to cut has 4 forms: to cut, cut, cutting, cuts
• to work has 5 forms: to work, work, worked, working, works
• to sing has 6 forms: to sing, sing, sang, sung, singing, sings
• to be has 9 forms: to be, be, was, were, been, being, am, is, are

The infinitive can be with or without to. For example, to sing and sing are both infinitives. We often call the infinitive without to the "bare infinitive".

At school, students usually learn by heart the base, past simple and past participle (sometimes called V1, V2, V3, meaning Verb 1, Verb 2, Verb 3) for the irregular verbs. They may spend many hours chanting: sing, sang, sung; go, went, gone; have, had, had; etc. They do not learn these for the regular verbs because the past simple and past participle are always the same: they are formed by adding "-ed" to the base. They do not learn the past participle and 3rd person singular present simple by heart—for another very simple reason: they never change. The present participle is always made by adding "-ing" to the base, and the 3rd person singular present simple is always made by adding "s" to the base (though there are some variations in spelling).

* Note that "do", "have" and "be" also function as helping or auxiliary verbs, with exactly the same forms (except that as helping verbs they are never in infinitive form).

Example Sentences These example sentences use main verbs in different forms. Infinitive I want to work He has to sing. This exercise is easy to do. Let him have one. To be, or not to be, that is the question: Base - Imperative Work well! Make this. Have a nice day. Be quiet! Base - Present simple (except 3rd person singular) I work in London. You sing well. They have a lot of money. Base - After modal auxiliary verbs I can work tomorrow. You must sing louder. They might do it. You could be right.

Past simple I worked yesterday. She cut his hair last week. They had a good time. They were surprised, but I was not. Past participle I have worked here for five years. He needs a folder made of plastic. It is done like this. I have never been so happy. Present participle I am working. Singing well is not easy. Having finished, he went home. You are being silly! 3rd person singular, present simple He works in London. She sings well. She has a lot of money. It is Vietnamese. Forms of Helping Verbs >>

Forms of Helping Verbs

EnglishClub.com Tip

Helping verbs are also called "auxiliary verbs".

All helping verbs are used with a main verb (either expressed or understood*). There are 2 groups of helping verbs:

• Primary helping verbs, used mainly to change the tense or voice of the main verb, and in making questions and negatives.
• Modal helping verbs, used to change the "mood" of the main verb.

Study the table opposite. It shows the prinicipal forms and uses of helping verbs, and explains the differences between primary and modal helping verbs.

---

* Sometimes we make a sentence that has a helping verb and seems to have no main verb. In fact, the main verb is "understood". Look at the following examples:

• Question: Can you speak English? (The main verb speak is "expressed".)
• Answer: Yes, I can. (The main verb speak is not expressed. It is "understood" from the context. We understand: Yes, I can speak English.

But if somebody walked into the room and said "Hello. I can", we would understand nothing!

Helping Verbs
Primary		Modal
do	(to make simple tenses, and questions and negatives)	can	could
be	(to make continuous tenses, and the passive voice)	may	might
have	(to make perfect tenses)	will	would
		shall	should
		must
		ought (to)
"Do", "be" and "have" as helping verbs have exactly the same forms as when they are main verbs (except that as helping verbs they are never used in infinitive forms).		Modal helping verbs are invariable. They always have the same form.
Primary helping verbs are followed by the main verb in a particular form: do + V1 (base verb) be + -ing (present participle) have + V3 (past participle)		"Ought" is followed by the main verb in infinitive form. Other modal helping verbs are followed by the main verb in its base form (V1). ought + to... (infinitive) other modals + V1 (base verb)
"Do", "be" and "have" can also function as main verbs.		Modal helping verbs cannot function as main verbs.

Now check your understanding >>

Main Verb Forms Quiz

1	Baking base past participle pres. participle cookies is very easy.	Click for answer pres. participle
2	A bird sang 3rd sing. pres. past simple past participle to me this morning.	Click for answer past simple
3	I want to be base infinitive present simple a fireman when I finish school.	Click for answer infinitive
4	Have pres. participle 3rd sing. pres. base anything you like, except the champagne.	Click for answer base
5	We might not finish pres. participle base 3rd sing. p.s. our work on time.	Click for answer base
6	I asked your brother to go infinitive past simple past participle to the store for me.	Click for answer infinitive
7	It is past simple 3rd sing. pres. past participle a sunny day today.	Click for answer 3rd sing. pres.
8	We are in the kitchen doing present simple pres. participle base the dishes.	Click for answer pres. participle
9	The dogs were fed 3rd sing. pres. past simple past participle an hour ago.	Click for answer past participle
10	He walks pres. participle 3rd sing. pres. base to my car with me at night.

Simple Present Tense

I sing

How do we make the Simple Present Tense?

subject	+	auxiliary verb	+	main verb
		do		base

There are three important exceptions:

1. For positive sentences, we do not normally use the auxiliary.
2. For the 3rd person singular (he, she, it), we add s to the main verb or es to the auxiliary.
3. For the verb to be, we do not use an auxiliary, even for questions and negatives.

Look at these examples with the main verb like:

	subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
+	I, you, we, they			like	coffee.
	He, she, it			likes	coffee.
-	I, you, we, they	do	not	like	coffee.
	He, she, it	does	not	like	coffee.
?	Do	I, you, we, they		like	coffee?
	Does	he, she, it		like	coffee?

Look at these examples with the main verb be. Notice that there is no auxiliary:

	subject	main verb
+	I	am		French.
	You, we, they	are		French.
	He, she, it	is		French.
-	I	am	not	old.
	You, we, they	are	not	old.
	He, she, it	is	not	old.
?	Am	I		late?
	Are	you, we, they		late?
	Is	he, she, it		late?

How do we use the Simple Present Tense?

We use the simple present tense when:

• the action is general
• the action happens all the time, or habitually, in the past, present and future
• the action is not only happening now
• the statement is always true

John drives a taxi.
past	present	future
It is John's job to drive a taxi. He does it every day. Past, present and future.

Look at these examples:

• I live in New York.
• The Moon goes round the Earth.
• John drives a taxi.
• He does not drive a bus.
• We do not work at night.
• Do you play football?

Note that with the verb to be, we can also use the simple present tense for situations that are not general. We can use the simple present tense to talk about now. Look at these examples of the verb to be in the present simple tense—some of them are general, some of them are now:

Am I right? Tara is not at home. You are happy.
past	present	future
The situation is now.

I am not fat. Why are you so beautiful? Ram is tall.
past	present	future
The situation is general. Past, present and future.

This page shows the use of the simple present tense to talk about general events. But note that there are some other uses for the simple present tense, for example in conditional or if sentences, or to talk about the future. You will learn about those

Simple Present Tense Quiz

Haut du formulaire

1	Do you like likes be like chocolate milk?	Click for answer like
2	He do does is not want to come to the movies.	Click for answer does
3	Is Are Am we too late to catch the bus?	Click for answer Are
4	It is are am a beautiful day today.	Click for answer is
5	Sorry, Lisa am is be not here at the moment.	Click for answer is
6	Is Are Am I correct?	Click for answer Am
7	Robert is does are not go to my school.	Click for answer does
8	My parents live lives are live in a 2 bedroom apartment.	Click for answer live
9	We do be are do are European.	Click for answer are
10	You looks are be so happy today!	Click for answer are

Bas du formulaire

Present Continuous Tense

I am singing

We often use the present continuous tense in English. It is very different from the simple present tense, both in structure and in use.

In this lesson we look the structure and use of the present continuous tense, follwed by a quiz to check your understanding:

• Structure: how do we make the present continuous tense?
• Use: when and why do we use the present continuous tense?
• Spelling: how do we spell verbs with -ing for the present continuous tense?
• Present Continuous Tense Quiz

Continuous tenses are also called progressive tenses. So the present progressive tense is the same as the present continuous tense.

How do we make the Present Continuous Tense?

The structure of the present continuous tense is:

subject	+	auxiliary verb	+	main verb
		be		base + ing

Look at these examples:

	subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
+	I	am		speaking	to you.
+	You	are		reading	this.
-	She	is	not	staying	in London.
-	We	are	not	playing	football.
?	Is	he		watching	TV?
?	Are	they		waiting	for John?

Use of Present Continuous Tense >>

How do we use the Present Continuous Tense?

We use the present continuous tense to talk about:

• action happening now
• action in the future

Present continuous tense for action happening now

a) for action happening exactly now

I am eating my lunch.
past	present	future
	The action is happening now.

Look at these examples. Right now you are looking at this screen and at the same time...

...the pages are turning.	...the candle is burning.	...the numbers are spinning.

b) for action happening around now

The action may not be happening exactly now, but it is happening just before and just after now, and it is not permanent or habitual.

John is going out with Mary.
past	present	future
	The action is happening around now.

Look at these examples:

• Muriel is learning to drive.
• I am living with my sister until I find an apartment.

Present continuous tense for the future

We can also use the present continuous tense to talk about the future—if we add a future word!! We must add (or understand from the context) a future word. "Future words" include, for example, tomorrow, next year, in June, at Christmas etc. We only use the present continuous tense to talk about the future when we have planned to do something before we speak. We have already made a decision and a plan before speaking.

I am taking my exam next month.
past	present	future
!!!
	A firm plan or programme exists now.	The action is in the future.

Look at these examples:

• We're eating in a restaurant tonight. We've already booked the table..
• They can play tennis with you tomorrow. They're not working.
• When are you starting your new job?

In these examples, we have a firm plan or programme before speaking. The decision and plan were made before speaking.

Spelling of Present Continuous Tense >>

How do we spell the Present Continuous Tense?

We make the present continuous tense by adding -ing to the base verb. Normally it's simple—we just add -ing. But sometimes we have to change the word a little. Perhaps we double the last letter, or we drop a letter. Here are the rules to help you know how to spell the present continuous tense.

Basic rule

Just add -ing to the base verb:

work

>

working

play

>

playing

assist

>

assisting

see

>

seeing

be

>

being

Exception 1

If the base verb ends in consonant + stressed vowel + consonant, double the last letter:

s	t	o	p
	consonant	stressed vowel	consonant

(vowels = a, e, i, o, u)

stop

>

stopping

run

>

running

begin

>

beginning

Note that this exception does not apply when the last syllable of the base verb is not stressed:

open

>

opening

Exception 2

If the base verb ends in ie, change the ie to y:

lie

>

lying

die

>

dying

Exception 3

If the base verb ends in vowel + consonant + e, omit the e:

come

>

coming

mistake

>

mistaking

Now check your understanding >>Present Continuous Tense Quiz

Haut du formulaire

1	Is Are Am they coming over for dinner?	Click for answer Are
2	Maxwell is are am not sleeping on our sofa.	Click for answer is
3	My mother-in-law is stay staying be staying at our house this week.	Click for answer staying
4	I eat eating am eating my dinner right now.	Click for answer am eating
5	My sister learn is learning learning Spanish.	Click for answer is learning
6	I work be working am working at the hair salon until September.	Click for answer am working
7	We eat are eating eats at a fancy restaurant tonight. Jason decided this yesterday.	Click for answer are eating
8	When do you start starting are starting your new art class?	Click for answer start
9	They are opening openning oppening a new record shop downtown.	Click for answer opening
10	Melissa is lieing lying liying down on her bed.	Click for answer lying

Bas du formulaire

Bas du formulaire

How do we make the Present Perfect Tense?

The structure of the present perfect tense is:

subject	+	auxiliary verb	+	main verb
		have		past participle

Here are some examples of the present perfect tense:

	subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
+	I	have		seen	ET.
+	You	have		eaten	mine.
-	She	has	not	been	to Rome.
-	We	have	not	played	football.
?	Have	you		finished?
?	Have	they		done	it?

Contractions with the present perfect tense

When we use the present perfect tense in speaking, we usually contract the subject and auxiliary verb. We also sometimes do this when we write.

I have	I've
You have	You've
He has She has It has John has The car has	He's She's It's John's The car's
We have	We've
They have	They've

Here are some examples:

• I've finished my work.
• John's seen ET.
• They've gone home.

He's or he's??? Be careful! The 's contraction is used for the auxiliary verbs have and be. For example, "It's eaten" can mean:

• It has eaten. [present perfect tense, active voice]
• It is eaten. [present tense, passive voice]

It is usually clear from the context.

Present Perfect Use >>How do we use the Present Perfect Tense?

This tense is called the present perfect tense. There is always a connection with the past and with the present. There are basically three uses for the present perfect tense:

1. experience
2. change
3. continuing situation

1. Present perfect tense for experience

We often use the present perfect tense to talk about experience from the past. We are not interested in when you did something. We only want to know if you did it:

I have seen ET. He has lived in Bangkok. Have you been there? We have never eaten caviar.
past	present	future
!!!
The action or state was in the past.	In my head, I have a memory now.

Connection with past: the event was in the past.
Connection with present: in my head, now, I have a memory of the event; I know something about the event; I have experience of it.

2. Present perfect tense for change

We also use the present perfect tense to talk about a change or new information:

I have bought a car.
past	present	future
-	+
Last week I didn't have a car.	Now I have a car.

John has broken his leg.
past	present	future
+	-
Yesterday John had a good leg.	Now he has a bad leg.

Has the price gone up?
past	present	future
+	-
Was the price $1.50 yesterday?	Is the price $1.70 today?

The police have arrested the killer.
past	present	future
-	+
Yesterday the killer was free.	Now he is in prison.

Connection with past: the past is the opposite of the present.
Connection with present: the present is the opposite of the past.

Americans do not use the present perfect tense so much as British speakers. Americans often use the past tense instead. An American might say "Did you have lunch?", where a British person would say "Have you had lunch?"

3. Present perfect tense for continuing situation

We often use the present perfect tense to talk about a continuing situation. This is a state that started in the past and continues in the present (and will probably continue into the future). This is a state (not an action). We usually use for or since with this structure.

I have worked here since June. He has been ill for 2 days. How long have you known Tara?
past	present	future
The situation started in the past.	It continues up to now.	(It will probably continue into the future.)

Connection with past: the situation started in the past.
Connection with present: the situation continues in the present.

For & Since with Present Perfect >>

For & Since with Present Perfect Tense

We often use for and since with the present perfect tense.

• We use for to talk about a period of time—5 minutes, 2 weeks, 6 years.
• We use since to talk about a point in past time—9 o'clock, 1st January, Monday.

for	since
a period of time	a point in past time
	·
20 minutes	6.15pm
three days	Monday
6 months	January
4 years	1994
2 centuries	1800
a long time	I left school
ever	the beginning of time
etc	etc

Here are some examples:

• I have been here for 20 minutes.
• I have been here since 9 o'clock.
• John hasn't called for 6 months.
• John hasn't called since February.
• He has worked in New York for a long time.
• He has worked in New York since he left school.

For can be used with all tenses. Since is usually used with perfect tenses only.

Now check your understanding >>

Present Perfect Tense Quiz

Haut du formulaire

1	Lindsay has is have not been to France.	Click for answer has
2	Have Has Is you finished your homework?	Click for answer Have
3	They 's 'es 've gone to a rock concert.	Click for answer 've
4	Is Have Has you been to Japan?	Click for answer Have
5	We have has are never eaten Mexican food.	Click for answer have
6	Andrea has forget forgetting forgotten her umbrella.	Click for answer forgotten
7	Was Has Have the sun come up?	Click for answer Has
8	The children have find is finding have found the lost puppy.	Click for answer have found
9	How long have you be been are a vegetarian?	Click for answer been
10	I haven't worked since for by last December.	Click for answer since

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

I have been singing

How do we make the Present Perfect Continuous Tense?

The structure of the present perfect continuous tense is:

subject	+	auxiliary verb	+	auxiliary verb	+	main verb
		have has		been		base + ing

Here are some examples of the present perfect continuous tense:

	subject	auxiliary verb		auxiliary verb	main verb
+	I	have		been	waiting	for one hour.
+	You	have		been	talking	too much.
-	It	has	not	been	raining.
-	We	have	not	been	playing	football.
?	Have	you		been	seeing	her?
?	Have	they		been	doing	their homework?

Contractions

When we use the present perfect continuous tense in speaking, we often contract the subject and the first auxiliary. We also sometimes do this in informal writing.

I have been	I've been
You have been	You've been
He has been She has been It has been John has been The car has been	He's been She's been It's been John's been The car's been
We have been	We've been
They have been	They've been

Here are some examples:

• I've been reading.
• The car's been giving trouble.
• We've been playing tennis for two hours.

How do we use the Present Perfect Continuous Tense?

This tense is called the present perfect continuous tense. There is usually a connection with the present or now. There are basically two uses for the present perfect continuous tense:

1. An action that has just stopped or recently stopped

We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about an action that started in the past and stopped recently. There is usually a result now.

I'm tired because I've been running.
past	present	future
!!!
Recent action.	Result now.

• I'm tired ^[now] because I've been running.
• Why is the grass wet ^[now]? Has it been raining?
• You don't understand ^[now] because you haven't been listening.

2. An action continuing up to now

We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about an action that started in the past and is continuing now. This is often used with for or since.

I have been reading for 2 hours.
past	present	future
Action started in past.	Action is continuing now.

• I have been reading for 2 hours. [I am still reading now.]
• We've been studying since 9 o'clock. [We're still studying now.]
• How long have you been learning English? [You are still learning now.]
• We have not been smoking. [And we are not smoking now.]

For and Since with Present Perfect Continuous Tense

We often use for and since with the present perfect tense.

• We use for to talk about a period of time—5 minutes, 2 weeks, 6 years.
• We use since to talk about a point in past time—9 o'clock, 1st January, Monday.

for	since
a period of time	a point in past time
	·
20 minutes	6.15pm
three days	Monday
6 months	January
4 years	1994
2 centuries	1800
a long time	I left school
ever	the beginning of time
etc	etc

Here are some examples:

• I have been studying for 3 hours.
• I have been watching TV since 7pm.
• Tara hasn't been feeling well for 2 weeks.
• Tara hasn't been visiting us since March.
• He has been playing football for a long time.
• He has been living in Bangkok since he left school.

For can be used with all tenses. Since is usually used with perfect tenses only.

Bas du formulaire

0Present Perfect Continuous Tense Quiz

Haut du formulaire

1	It has be been being snowing a lot this week.	Click for answer been
2	Have Has Are your brother and sister been getting along?	Click for answer Have
3	Rick 's s 've been studying hard this semester.	Click for answer 's
4	I'm tired because I 've has am been working out.	Click for answer 've
5	Julie has being is been has been living in Italy since May.	Click for answer has been
6	How long have you been teacher teaching taught the German.	Click for answer teaching
7	We have been watching TV for since by 3 hours.	Click for answer for
8	You have working worked been work too hard today.	Click for answer worked
9	Has it be been is raining since you arrived?	Click for answer been
10	My brother has been travelling since for by he finished school.	Click for answer since

Bas du formulaire

Tense & Time

It is important not to confuse the name of a verb tense with the way we use it to talk about time.

For example, a present tense does not always refer to present time:

• I hope it rains tomorrow.
  "rains" is present simple, but it refers here to future time (tomorrow)

Or a past tense does not always refer to past time:

• If I had some money now, I could buy it.
  "had" is past simple but it refers here to present time (now)

The following examples show how different tenses can be used to talk about different times.

TENSE

TIME

past

present

future

Present Simple

I want a coffee.

I leave tomorrow.

She

likes

coffee.

Present Continuous

I am having dinner.

I am taking my exam next month.

They

are

living

in

London.